Cervical Cancer Risks and Outcomes in Hispanic Women
Main Article Content
Keywords
Cervical Cancer, HPV-16, HPV-18
Abstract
Cervical Cancer and Access to Healthcare in the South Texas Community
Cervical cancer is a worldwide threat affecting women, particularly in impoverished communities that lack adequate healthcare. It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of gland cells in the cervix and is called adenocarcinoma. The disease is characterized by a malignant tumor of the lower part of the uterus. The prevalence of cervical cancer is high in Latin women, but there are various ways to treat this cancer. The mortality and morbidity of this cancer may not be a preventable disease in areas where healthcare is not accessible. There are various treatments but many people, especially in cities of South Texas, are not fully educated to understand the repercussions of cancer as well as the stigma that comes with the culture. More studies for how to deliver education to community that lack the knowledge of how cervical cancer can be prevented, access to healthcare and disparities for the low income families are needed.
References
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8. Loopik, D. L., IntHout, J., Melchers, W., Massuger, L., Bekkers, R., & Siebers, A. G. (2020). Oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III or worse: a population-based study. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 124, 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.009
9. Barchitta, M., Maugeri, A., Quattrocchi, A., Agrifoglio, O., Scalisi, A., & Agodi, A. (2018, April 11). The association of dietary patterns with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: A cross-sectional study in Italy. MDPI. Retrieved June 29, 2022, from https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/4/469/htm
10. Michał Ciebiera, Sahar Esfandyari,Hiba Siblini,Lillian Prince,Hoda Elkafas,Cezary Wojtyła, Ayman Al-Hendy, and Mohamed Ali, April 2nd ,2021,Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065992/#B188-nutrients-13-01178
11. Bowden, S. J., Bodinier, B., Kalliala, I., Zuber, V., Vuckovic, D., Doulgeraki, T., Whitaker, M. D., Wielscher, M., Cartwright, R., Tsilidis, K. K., Bennett, P., Jarvelin, M. R., Flanagan, J. M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Kyrgiou, M., & FinnGen consortium (2021). Genetic variation in cervical preinvasive and invasive disease: a genome-wide association study. The Lancet. Oncology, 22(4), 548–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00028-0
12. Caroleo, A. M., De Ioris, M. A., Boccuto, L., Alessi, I., Del Baldo, G., Cacchione, A., Agolini, E., Rinelli, M., Serra, A., Carai, A., & Mastronuzzi, A. (2021). DICER1 Syndrome and Cancer Predisposition: From a Rare Pediatric Tumor to Lifetime Risk. Frontiers in oncology, 10, 614541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.614541
13. Li, Rose Fanghong MD*; Gupta, Mamta MBBS*; McCluggage, W. Glenn FRCPath†; Ronnett, Brigitte M. MD*,‡ Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Botryoid Type) of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix in Adult Women, The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: March 2013 - Volume 37 - Issue 3 - p 344-355
14. Balasubramaniam, S. D., Balakrishnan, V., Oon, C. E., & Kaur, G. (2019). Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(7), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
15. Despres, C., (2018). The Crisis of Cervical Cancer among Latinas. Salud America! https://salud-america.org/crisis-cervical-cancer-among-latinas/
16. Gelman, A., Miller, E., Schwarz, E. B., Akers, A. Y., Jeong, K., & Borrero, S. (2013). Racial disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination: does access matter?. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 53(6), 756–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.002
17. Williams-Brennan, L., Gastaldo, D., Cole, D. C., & Paszat, L. (2012). Social determinants of health associated with cervical cancer screening among women living in developing countries: a scoping review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 286(6), 1487–1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2575-0 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23011733/
18. Flores, B., Acton, G., Arevalo-Flechas, L., Gill, S., Mackert, Michael. (2019). Health Literacy and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mexican-American Women. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 3. e1-e8. 10.3928/24748307-20181127-01. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330454096_Health_Literacy_and_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_Among_Mexican-American_Women/citation/download
Johnson, M., & Farquharson, H. (2019). Hispanic culture and healthcare in the United States: One person’s perspective. Journal of Nursing Research and Practice. 03. 10.37532/jnrp.2019.3(4).1-2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339235483_Hispanic_culture_and_healthcare_
in_the_United_States_One_person's_perspective/citation/download
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, December 14) Basic information About Cervical cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/index.htm
21. Cleveland Clinic. (2022, February 17) Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12216-cervical-cancer
22. American Cancer Society. (2020, January 3) Cervical Cancer Stages: How to Stage Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html
23. National Cancer Institute, (n.d.) NCI Dictionary on Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/parametrium
24. National Cancer Institute, (n.d.) NCI Dictionary on Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/hydronephrosis
25. Hasan, Doaa & Enaba, Manal & El-Rahman, Hossam & El-Shazely, Shrin. (2015). Apparent diffusion coefficient value in evaluating types, stages and histologic grading of cancer cervix. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 20. 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2015.04.006.
26. [Buskwofie, A., David-West, G., & Clare, C. A. (2020). A Review of Cervical Cancer: Incidence and Disparities. Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(2), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.002
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30. Prokopczyk, B., Cox, J. E., Hoffmann, D., & Waggoner, S. E. (1997). Identification of tobacco-specific carcinogen in the cervical mucus of smokers and nonsmokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89(12), 868–873. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.12.868
31. Risk Factors of cervical cancer, 2020, January 3 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html#:~:text=Women%20who%20smoke%20are%20about,the%20development%20of%20cervical%20cancer
32. Smoking and Cervical Cancer(2010,April)https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/medialibraries/urmcmedia/ob-gyn/midwifery/resources/documents/smoking_and_cervical_cancer.pdf].
33. The HPV vaccine: Why parents really choose to refuse. Johns Hopkins Medicine Newsroom. (2018, October 24). Retrieved June 30, 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/the-hpv-vaccine-why-parents-really-choose-to-refuse
34. Segarra-Vidal, B., Persson, J., & Falconer, H. (2021). Radical trachelectomy. International journal of gynecological cancer: official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society, 31(7), 1068–1074. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-001782
2. Marc Arbyn, Elisabete Weiderpass, Laia Bruni, Silvia de Sanjosé, Mona Saraiya, Jacques Ferlay, Freddie Bray, December 4th , 2020, Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis , Elsevier Ltd https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6
3. Shandra Devi Balasubramaniam, Venugopal Balakrishnan, Chern Ein Oon, and Gurjeet Kaur,2019 July 17th, Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6681523/
4. Lynette Luria; Gabriella Cardoza-Favarato,January 24 ,2022,Human Papillomavirus,StatPearls Publishing LLC,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448132/
5. Cornet, I., Gheit, T., Franceschi, S., Vignat, J., Burk, R. D., Sylla, B. S., Tommasino, M., Clifford, G. M., & IARC HPV Variant Study Group (2012). Human papillomavirus type 16 genetic variants: phylogeny and classification based on E6 and LCR. Journal of virology, 86(12), 6855–6861. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00483-12
6. Roiela Arfailasufandi, Ambar Mudigdo, Aris Sudiyanto, 2019,The Effect of Obesity, Oral Contraceptive and Passive Smoking on the Risk of Cervical Cancer,
https://jepublichealth.com/index.php?journal=jepublichealth&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=141
7. Williams, W. V., Mitchell, L. A., Carlson, S. K., & Raviele, K. M. (2018). Association of Combined Estrogen-Progestogen and Progestogen-Only Contraceptives with the Development of Cancer. The Linacre quarterly, 85(4), 412–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0024363918811637
8. Loopik, D. L., IntHout, J., Melchers, W., Massuger, L., Bekkers, R., & Siebers, A. G. (2020). Oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III or worse: a population-based study. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 124, 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.009
9. Barchitta, M., Maugeri, A., Quattrocchi, A., Agrifoglio, O., Scalisi, A., & Agodi, A. (2018, April 11). The association of dietary patterns with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: A cross-sectional study in Italy. MDPI. Retrieved June 29, 2022, from https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/4/469/htm
10. Michał Ciebiera, Sahar Esfandyari,Hiba Siblini,Lillian Prince,Hoda Elkafas,Cezary Wojtyła, Ayman Al-Hendy, and Mohamed Ali, April 2nd ,2021,Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065992/#B188-nutrients-13-01178
11. Bowden, S. J., Bodinier, B., Kalliala, I., Zuber, V., Vuckovic, D., Doulgeraki, T., Whitaker, M. D., Wielscher, M., Cartwright, R., Tsilidis, K. K., Bennett, P., Jarvelin, M. R., Flanagan, J. M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Kyrgiou, M., & FinnGen consortium (2021). Genetic variation in cervical preinvasive and invasive disease: a genome-wide association study. The Lancet. Oncology, 22(4), 548–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00028-0
12. Caroleo, A. M., De Ioris, M. A., Boccuto, L., Alessi, I., Del Baldo, G., Cacchione, A., Agolini, E., Rinelli, M., Serra, A., Carai, A., & Mastronuzzi, A. (2021). DICER1 Syndrome and Cancer Predisposition: From a Rare Pediatric Tumor to Lifetime Risk. Frontiers in oncology, 10, 614541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.614541
13. Li, Rose Fanghong MD*; Gupta, Mamta MBBS*; McCluggage, W. Glenn FRCPath†; Ronnett, Brigitte M. MD*,‡ Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Botryoid Type) of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix in Adult Women, The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: March 2013 - Volume 37 - Issue 3 - p 344-355
14. Balasubramaniam, S. D., Balakrishnan, V., Oon, C. E., & Kaur, G. (2019). Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(7), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070384
15. Despres, C., (2018). The Crisis of Cervical Cancer among Latinas. Salud America! https://salud-america.org/crisis-cervical-cancer-among-latinas/
16. Gelman, A., Miller, E., Schwarz, E. B., Akers, A. Y., Jeong, K., & Borrero, S. (2013). Racial disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination: does access matter?. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 53(6), 756–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.002
17. Williams-Brennan, L., Gastaldo, D., Cole, D. C., & Paszat, L. (2012). Social determinants of health associated with cervical cancer screening among women living in developing countries: a scoping review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 286(6), 1487–1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2575-0 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23011733/
18. Flores, B., Acton, G., Arevalo-Flechas, L., Gill, S., Mackert, Michael. (2019). Health Literacy and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mexican-American Women. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 3. e1-e8. 10.3928/24748307-20181127-01. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330454096_Health_Literacy_and_Cervical_Cancer_Screening_Among_Mexican-American_Women/citation/download
Johnson, M., & Farquharson, H. (2019). Hispanic culture and healthcare in the United States: One person’s perspective. Journal of Nursing Research and Practice. 03. 10.37532/jnrp.2019.3(4).1-2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339235483_Hispanic_culture_and_healthcare_
in_the_United_States_One_person's_perspective/citation/download
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, December 14) Basic information About Cervical cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/index.htm
21. Cleveland Clinic. (2022, February 17) Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12216-cervical-cancer
22. American Cancer Society. (2020, January 3) Cervical Cancer Stages: How to Stage Cervical Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html
23. National Cancer Institute, (n.d.) NCI Dictionary on Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/parametrium
24. National Cancer Institute, (n.d.) NCI Dictionary on Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/hydronephrosis
25. Hasan, Doaa & Enaba, Manal & El-Rahman, Hossam & El-Shazely, Shrin. (2015). Apparent diffusion coefficient value in evaluating types, stages and histologic grading of cancer cervix. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 20. 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2015.04.006.
26. [Buskwofie, A., David-West, G., & Clare, C. A. (2020). A Review of Cervical Cancer: Incidence and Disparities. Journal of the National Medical Association, 112(2), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.002
27. Key Statistics for Cervical Cancer (2022 ,January12) https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/about/key-statistics.html#:~:text=Cervical%20cancer%20is%20most%20frequently,age%20at%20diagnosis%20being%2050%20 ].
28. Cervical cancer (symptoms). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352501
29. Cervical cancer - screening and prevention (2021, July13 https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000419.htm ].
30. Prokopczyk, B., Cox, J. E., Hoffmann, D., & Waggoner, S. E. (1997). Identification of tobacco-specific carcinogen in the cervical mucus of smokers and nonsmokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89(12), 868–873. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.12.868
31. Risk Factors of cervical cancer, 2020, January 3 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html#:~:text=Women%20who%20smoke%20are%20about,the%20development%20of%20cervical%20cancer
32. Smoking and Cervical Cancer(2010,April)https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/medialibraries/urmcmedia/ob-gyn/midwifery/resources/documents/smoking_and_cervical_cancer.pdf].
33. The HPV vaccine: Why parents really choose to refuse. Johns Hopkins Medicine Newsroom. (2018, October 24). Retrieved June 30, 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/the-hpv-vaccine-why-parents-really-choose-to-refuse
34. Segarra-Vidal, B., Persson, J., & Falconer, H. (2021). Radical trachelectomy. International journal of gynecological cancer: official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society, 31(7), 1068–1074. https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-001782
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Aug 6, 2022
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