The Relations Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hispanic, Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity
Abstract
n/a
References
1. CDC. (2021, February 11). Adult Obesity Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
2. World Health Organization. (2022). Obesity. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
3. CDC. (2019, May 14). Heart Health Information: About Heart Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
4. American Heart Association News. “Cardiovascular Diseases Affect Nearly Half of American Adults, Statistics Show.” Www.heart.org, American Heart Association, 2019,www.heart.org/en/news/2019/01/31/cardiovascular-diseases-affect-nearly-half-f-american-adults-statistics-show.Cardiovascular diseases affect nearly half of American adults, statistics show | American Heart Association
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. About Multiple Cause of Death, 1999–2020. CDC WONDER Online Database website. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022. Accessed February 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
6. CDC. (2021, November 12). Obesity is a Common, Serious, and Costly Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html#:~:text=Obesity%20affects%20some%20groups%20more%20than%20others&text=Non%2DHispanic%20Black%20adults%20
7. Hill, S. E., Bell, C., Bowie, J. V., Kelley, E., Furr-Holden, D., LaVeist, T. A., & Thorpe, R. J. (2015). Differences in Obesity Among Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Background. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(4), 984–989. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988315580348
8. For Latinos, access to healthy foods can be sporadic. (2016, June 1). Bread for the World. https://www.bread.org/blog/latinos-access-healthy-foods-can-be-sporadic#:~:text=In%20a%20national%20survey%2C%20more
9. CDC. (2022, March 21). Causes and Consequences of Childhood Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/causes.html
10. CDC. (2018, November 19). Disability and Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html
11. CDC. (2021, June 7). Defining Adult Overweight and Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/adult-defining.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fobesity%2Fadult%2Findex.html
12. Jehan, S., Zizi, F., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Wall, S., Auguste, E., Myers, A. K., Jean-Louis, G., & McFarlane, S. I. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity: Implications for Public Health. Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal, 1(4), 00019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836788/#S1title-
13. American Nurse Today Official Journal of the American Nurses Association (ANA). (n.d.). American Nurse. https://www.myamericannurse.com/obesity-skin-issues-and-skinfold-management/
14. Dieting & Gallstones | NIDDK. (n.d.). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting#weight
15. (2018). Arthritis.org. https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/related-conditions/other-diseases/how-fat-affects-osteoarthritis
16. Varicose Veins: A Common Side Effect of Obesity | Blog | Bass Vein Center - BASS Vein Center. (n.d.). Www.bassmedicalgroup.com. Retrieved July 20, 2022, from https://www.bassmedicalgroup.com/vein-center-blog/varicose-veins-a-common-side-effect-of-obesity
17. Rodriguez, D. (2019, October 16). What We Know About the Link Between Obesity and Asthma. EverydayHealth.com. https://www.everydayhealth.com/asthma/obesity-connection.aspx
18. Bureau, U. C. (2020). 2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country. Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html#:~:text=The%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino%20population%20grew%20from%2050.5%20million%20(16.3
19. Daviglus, M. L., Talavera, G. A., Avilés-Santa, M. L., Allison, M., Cai, J., Criqui, M. H., Gellman, M., Giachello, A. L., Gouskova, N., Kaplan, R. C., LaVange, L., Penedo, F., Perreira, K., Pirzada, A., Schneiderman, N., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., Sorlie, P. D., & Stamler, J. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. JAMA, 308(17), 1775–1784. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.14517
20. Cardiovascular Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and on Long Island | Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. (n.d.). Renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu. https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/surgery/blog/cardiovascular-disease-in-hispanics-latinos
21. Bulka, C. M., Daviglus, M. L., Persky, V. W., Durazo-Arvizu, R. A., Lash, J. P., Elfassy, T., Lee, D. J., Ramos, A. R., Tarraf, W., & Argos, M. (2018). Association of occupational exposures with cardiovascular disease among US Hispanics/Latinos. Heart, 105(6), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313463
22. Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Kwan, T. W., Lackland, D. T., & Lewis, T. T. (2020). Heart Disease and Stroke statistics—2020 Update. Circulation, 141(9). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000757
23. CDC. (2019, May 14). Heart Health Information: About Heart Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
24. American Heart Association. (2016). About Arrhythmia. Www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia
25. Heart Attack Vs. Heart Failure: What Are the Differences? (2021, May 14). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/heart-attack-vs-heart-failure#heart-attack
26. Mayo Clinic. (2021, February 9). Heart disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
27. Cardiovascular Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and on Long Island | Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. (n.d.). Renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu. https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/surgery/blog/cardiovascular-disease-in-hispanics-latinos
28. Weidner G. Why do men get more heart disease than women? An international perspective. J Am Coll Health. 2000 May;48(6):291-4. doi: 10.1080/07448480009596270. PMID: 10863872.
29. CDC. (2021, May 18). About High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm
NIH. (2022, March 24). Coronary Heart Disease - Treatment. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-
disease/treatment#:~:text=You%20may%20need%20a%20procedure,the%20artery%20from%20narrowing%20again.
31. Penn Medicine. (2019, March 25). Three Ways Obesity Contributes to Heart Disease. Pennmedicine.org. Retrieved July 18, 2022, from https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/metabolic-and-bariatric-surgery-blog/2019/march/obesity-and-heart-disease
32. Martinez, K. G. (2016, July 27). Why It's Difficult To Get Help If You Are A Latino Dealing With Nerves Or Stress. Anxiety.org. Retrieved July 18, 2022, from https://www.anxiety.org/latino-language-culture-barriers-to-anxiety-diagnosis-and-treatmeNt
33. Fujioka, K. (2002). Management of Obesity as a Chronic Disease: Nonpharmacologic, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Options. Obesity Research, 10(S12), 116S123S. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.204
34. Phelan, S., & Wadden, T. A. (2002). Combining Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity. Obesity Research, 10(6), 560–574. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.77
35. Bales, C. W., & Porter Starr, K. N. (2018). Obesity Interventions for Older Adults: Diet as a Determinant of Physical Function. Advances in Nutrition, 9(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx016
2. World Health Organization. (2022). Obesity. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1
3. CDC. (2019, May 14). Heart Health Information: About Heart Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
4. American Heart Association News. “Cardiovascular Diseases Affect Nearly Half of American Adults, Statistics Show.” Www.heart.org, American Heart Association, 2019,www.heart.org/en/news/2019/01/31/cardiovascular-diseases-affect-nearly-half-f-american-adults-statistics-show.Cardiovascular diseases affect nearly half of American adults, statistics show | American Heart Association
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. About Multiple Cause of Death, 1999–2020. CDC WONDER Online Database website. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022. Accessed February 21, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
6. CDC. (2021, November 12). Obesity is a Common, Serious, and Costly Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html#:~:text=Obesity%20affects%20some%20groups%20more%20than%20others&text=Non%2DHispanic%20Black%20adults%20
7. Hill, S. E., Bell, C., Bowie, J. V., Kelley, E., Furr-Holden, D., LaVeist, T. A., & Thorpe, R. J. (2015). Differences in Obesity Among Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Background. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(4), 984–989. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988315580348
8. For Latinos, access to healthy foods can be sporadic. (2016, June 1). Bread for the World. https://www.bread.org/blog/latinos-access-healthy-foods-can-be-sporadic#:~:text=In%20a%20national%20survey%2C%20more
9. CDC. (2022, March 21). Causes and Consequences of Childhood Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/causes.html
10. CDC. (2018, November 19). Disability and Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/obesity.html
11. CDC. (2021, June 7). Defining Adult Overweight and Obesity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/adult-defining.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fobesity%2Fadult%2Findex.html
12. Jehan, S., Zizi, F., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Wall, S., Auguste, E., Myers, A. K., Jean-Louis, G., & McFarlane, S. I. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity: Implications for Public Health. Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal, 1(4), 00019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836788/#S1title-
13. American Nurse Today Official Journal of the American Nurses Association (ANA). (n.d.). American Nurse. https://www.myamericannurse.com/obesity-skin-issues-and-skinfold-management/
14. Dieting & Gallstones | NIDDK. (n.d.). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/dieting#weight
15. (2018). Arthritis.org. https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/related-conditions/other-diseases/how-fat-affects-osteoarthritis
16. Varicose Veins: A Common Side Effect of Obesity | Blog | Bass Vein Center - BASS Vein Center. (n.d.). Www.bassmedicalgroup.com. Retrieved July 20, 2022, from https://www.bassmedicalgroup.com/vein-center-blog/varicose-veins-a-common-side-effect-of-obesity
17. Rodriguez, D. (2019, October 16). What We Know About the Link Between Obesity and Asthma. EverydayHealth.com. https://www.everydayhealth.com/asthma/obesity-connection.aspx
18. Bureau, U. C. (2020). 2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country. Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html#:~:text=The%20Hispanic%20or%20Latino%20population%20grew%20from%2050.5%20million%20(16.3
19. Daviglus, M. L., Talavera, G. A., Avilés-Santa, M. L., Allison, M., Cai, J., Criqui, M. H., Gellman, M., Giachello, A. L., Gouskova, N., Kaplan, R. C., LaVange, L., Penedo, F., Perreira, K., Pirzada, A., Schneiderman, N., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., Sorlie, P. D., & Stamler, J. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. JAMA, 308(17), 1775–1784. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.14517
20. Cardiovascular Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and on Long Island | Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. (n.d.). Renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu. https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/surgery/blog/cardiovascular-disease-in-hispanics-latinos
21. Bulka, C. M., Daviglus, M. L., Persky, V. W., Durazo-Arvizu, R. A., Lash, J. P., Elfassy, T., Lee, D. J., Ramos, A. R., Tarraf, W., & Argos, M. (2018). Association of occupational exposures with cardiovascular disease among US Hispanics/Latinos. Heart, 105(6), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313463
22. Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Kwan, T. W., Lackland, D. T., & Lewis, T. T. (2020). Heart Disease and Stroke statistics—2020 Update. Circulation, 141(9). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000757
23. CDC. (2019, May 14). Heart Health Information: About Heart Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
24. American Heart Association. (2016). About Arrhythmia. Www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia
25. Heart Attack Vs. Heart Failure: What Are the Differences? (2021, May 14). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/heart-attack-vs-heart-failure#heart-attack
26. Mayo Clinic. (2021, February 9). Heart disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
27. Cardiovascular Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and on Long Island | Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University. (n.d.). Renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu. https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/surgery/blog/cardiovascular-disease-in-hispanics-latinos
28. Weidner G. Why do men get more heart disease than women? An international perspective. J Am Coll Health. 2000 May;48(6):291-4. doi: 10.1080/07448480009596270. PMID: 10863872.
29. CDC. (2021, May 18). About High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm
NIH. (2022, March 24). Coronary Heart Disease - Treatment. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-
disease/treatment#:~:text=You%20may%20need%20a%20procedure,the%20artery%20from%20narrowing%20again.
31. Penn Medicine. (2019, March 25). Three Ways Obesity Contributes to Heart Disease. Pennmedicine.org. Retrieved July 18, 2022, from https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/metabolic-and-bariatric-surgery-blog/2019/march/obesity-and-heart-disease
32. Martinez, K. G. (2016, July 27). Why It's Difficult To Get Help If You Are A Latino Dealing With Nerves Or Stress. Anxiety.org. Retrieved July 18, 2022, from https://www.anxiety.org/latino-language-culture-barriers-to-anxiety-diagnosis-and-treatmeNt
33. Fujioka, K. (2002). Management of Obesity as a Chronic Disease: Nonpharmacologic, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Options. Obesity Research, 10(S12), 116S123S. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.204
34. Phelan, S., & Wadden, T. A. (2002). Combining Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity. Obesity Research, 10(6), 560–574. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.77
35. Bales, C. W., & Porter Starr, K. N. (2018). Obesity Interventions for Older Adults: Diet as a Determinant of Physical Function. Advances in Nutrition, 9(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx016
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Aug 3, 2022
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