Parkinson's Disease
Main Article Content
Keywords
Parkinson's Disease, tremors, Hispanic, medical marijuana
Abstract
N/A
References
1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Parkinson's disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatments. National Institute on Aging. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease#:~:text=Parkinson's%20disease%20is%20a%20brain,have%20difficulty%20walking%20and%20talking.
2. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567.
3. Tysnes OB, Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Aug;124(8):901-905. doi: 10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PMID: 28150045.
4. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
5. GBD 2016 Parkinson's Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Nov;17(11):939-953. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30295-3. Epub 2018 Oct 1. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec;20(12):e7. PMID: 30287051; PMCID: PMC6191528.
6. Ben-Joseph A, Marshall CR, Lees AJ, Noyce AJ. Ethnic Variation in the Manifestation of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(1):31-45. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191763. PMID: 31868680; PMCID: PMC7029316. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029316/#:~:text=Most%20studies%20report%20the%20highest,of%20PD%20risk%20than%20ethnicity.
7. Purdy, M. C. (2021, February 9). Parkinson's U.S. rates highest in whites, Hispanics, and Midwest, northeast - the source - washington university in St. Louis. The Source. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://source.wustl.edu/2010/01/parkinson-us-rates-highest-in-whites-hispanics-and-midwest-northeast/
8. Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Bernstein AL, Fross RD, Leimpeter A, Bloch DA, Nelson LM. Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Jun 1;157(11):1015-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwg068. PMID: 12777365.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Parkinson%27s+and+hispanics
9. Sveinbjornsdottir S. The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2016 Oct;139 Suppl 1:318-324. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13691. Epub 2016 Jul 11. PMID: 27401947.
10. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567.
11. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
12. Beitz JM. Parkinson's disease: a review. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2014 Jan 1;6(1):65-74. doi: 10.2741/s415. PMID: 24389262.
13. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
14. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567. Rodrigo
15. Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;79(4):368-76. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045. PMID: 18344392.
16. Pfeiffer RF. Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat
Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S119-22. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 3. PMID: 26372623
17. Parkinson’s Disease. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8525-parkinsons-disease-an-overview
Date accessed: 01Aug2022
18. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK). Parkinson's Disease: National Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2006. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 35.) 9, Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK48501/
19. Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Options. John Hopkins Medicine.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/parkinsons-disease/park insons-treatment-options
Date accessed: 8/1/2022
20. Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Nature reviews. Neurology, 13(11), 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn eurol.2017.128
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29027544/
21. Boucherie, D. M., Duarte, G. S., Machado, T., Faustino, P. R., Sampaio, C., Rascol, O., & Ferreira, J. J. (2021). Parkinson's Disease Drug Development Since 1999: A Story of Repurposing and Relative Success. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 11(2), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-202184
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150606/#:~:text=A%20large%20attrition%20rate%20for,by%20the%20FDA%20since%201999.
22. Osborne, J. A., Botkin, R., Colon-Semenza, C., DeAngelis, T. R., Gallardo, O. G., Kosakowski, H., Martello, J., Pradhan, S., Rafferty, M., Readinger, J. L., Whitt, A. L., & Ellis, T. D. (2022). Physical Therapist Management of Parkinson Disease: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association. Physical therapy, 102(4), pzab302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab302 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9046970/
23. Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Xin, P., Meng, Y., Wang, Q., & Kuang, H. (2017). The Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine Underlying the Prevention and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 634. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00634
24. Parkinson’s Disease. Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376062
Date accessed: 8/1/2022
25. 13 Medications to Help Control Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms. Michigan Health.
https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/health-management/13-medications-to-help-control-parkinsons-disease-symptoms
Date accessed: 8/2/2022
26. Szatmari, S., Illigens, B. M., Siepmann, T., Pinter, A., Takats, A., & Bereczki, D. (2017). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in untreated Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 13, 815–826. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130997
27. Xu X, Fu Z, Le W. Exercise and Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;147:45-74. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Jun 20. PMID: 31607362.
28. https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/the-best-exercises-for-parkinsons-disease-and-why-physical-activity-is-important/
29. Malek N. Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India. 2019 Jul-Aug;67(4):968-978. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.266268. PMID: 31512617.
30. Zahoor I, Shafi A, Haq E. Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. In: Stoker TB, Greenland JC, editors. Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2018 Dec 21. Chapter 7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536726/ doi: 10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch7
31. Patel RS, Kamil S, Shah MR, Bhimanadham NN, Imran S. Pros and Cons of Marijuana in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cureus. 2019 Jun 3;11(6):e4813. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4813. PMID: 31403009; PMCID: PMC6682376.
32. Stampanoni Bassi M, Sancesario A, Morace R, Centonze D, Iezzi E. Cannabinoids in Parkinson's Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid
Res. 2017 Feb 1;2(1):21-29. doi: 10.1089/can.2017.0002. PMID: 28861502; PMCID: PMC5436333.
33. McFarthing K, Rafaloff G, Baptista MAS, Wyse RK, Stott SRW. Parkinson's Disease Drug Therapies in the Clinical Trial Pipeline: 2021 Update. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(3):891-903. doi: 10.3233/JPD-219006. PMID: 34151864; PMCID: PMC8461678.
2. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567.
3. Tysnes OB, Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017 Aug;124(8):901-905. doi: 10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PMID: 28150045.
4. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
5. GBD 2016 Parkinson's Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Nov;17(11):939-953. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30295-3. Epub 2018 Oct 1. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2021 Dec;20(12):e7. PMID: 30287051; PMCID: PMC6191528.
6. Ben-Joseph A, Marshall CR, Lees AJ, Noyce AJ. Ethnic Variation in the Manifestation of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2020;10(1):31-45. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191763. PMID: 31868680; PMCID: PMC7029316. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029316/#:~:text=Most%20studies%20report%20the%20highest,of%20PD%20risk%20than%20ethnicity.
7. Purdy, M. C. (2021, February 9). Parkinson's U.S. rates highest in whites, Hispanics, and Midwest, northeast - the source - washington university in St. Louis. The Source. Retrieved August 3, 2022, from https://source.wustl.edu/2010/01/parkinson-us-rates-highest-in-whites-hispanics-and-midwest-northeast/
8. Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Bernstein AL, Fross RD, Leimpeter A, Bloch DA, Nelson LM. Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Jun 1;157(11):1015-22. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwg068. PMID: 12777365.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Parkinson%27s+and+hispanics
9. Sveinbjornsdottir S. The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2016 Oct;139 Suppl 1:318-324. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13691. Epub 2016 Jul 11. PMID: 27401947.
10. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567.
11. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
12. Beitz JM. Parkinson's disease: a review. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2014 Jan 1;6(1):65-74. doi: 10.2741/s415. PMID: 24389262.
13. Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? J Parkinsons Dis. 2019;9(3):501-515. doi: 10.3233/JPD-191683. PMID: 31282427; PMCID: PMC6700650.
14. Cacabelos R. Parkinson's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Mar 4;18(3):551. doi: 10.3390/ijms18030551. PMID: 28273839; PMCID: PMC5372567. Rodrigo
15. Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;79(4):368-76. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045. PMID: 18344392.
16. Pfeiffer RF. Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat
Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S119-22. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 3. PMID: 26372623
17. Parkinson’s Disease. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8525-parkinsons-disease-an-overview
Date accessed: 01Aug2022
18. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK). Parkinson's Disease: National Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2006. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 35.) 9, Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK48501/
19. Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Options. John Hopkins Medicine.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/parkinsons-disease/park insons-treatment-options
Date accessed: 8/1/2022
20. Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Nature reviews. Neurology, 13(11), 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn eurol.2017.128
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29027544/
21. Boucherie, D. M., Duarte, G. S., Machado, T., Faustino, P. R., Sampaio, C., Rascol, O., & Ferreira, J. J. (2021). Parkinson's Disease Drug Development Since 1999: A Story of Repurposing and Relative Success. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 11(2), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-202184
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150606/#:~:text=A%20large%20attrition%20rate%20for,by%20the%20FDA%20since%201999.
22. Osborne, J. A., Botkin, R., Colon-Semenza, C., DeAngelis, T. R., Gallardo, O. G., Kosakowski, H., Martello, J., Pradhan, S., Rafferty, M., Readinger, J. L., Whitt, A. L., & Ellis, T. D. (2022). Physical Therapist Management of Parkinson Disease: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association. Physical therapy, 102(4), pzab302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab302 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9046970/
23. Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Xin, P., Meng, Y., Wang, Q., & Kuang, H. (2017). The Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine Underlying the Prevention and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 634. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00634
24. Parkinson’s Disease. Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376062
Date accessed: 8/1/2022
25. 13 Medications to Help Control Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms. Michigan Health.
https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/health-management/13-medications-to-help-control-parkinsons-disease-symptoms
Date accessed: 8/2/2022
26. Szatmari, S., Illigens, B. M., Siepmann, T., Pinter, A., Takats, A., & Bereczki, D. (2017). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in untreated Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 13, 815–826. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130997
27. Xu X, Fu Z, Le W. Exercise and Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;147:45-74. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Jun 20. PMID: 31607362.
28. https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/the-best-exercises-for-parkinsons-disease-and-why-physical-activity-is-important/
29. Malek N. Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India. 2019 Jul-Aug;67(4):968-978. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.266268. PMID: 31512617.
30. Zahoor I, Shafi A, Haq E. Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. In: Stoker TB, Greenland JC, editors. Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Codon Publications; 2018 Dec 21. Chapter 7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536726/ doi: 10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch7
31. Patel RS, Kamil S, Shah MR, Bhimanadham NN, Imran S. Pros and Cons of Marijuana in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cureus. 2019 Jun 3;11(6):e4813. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4813. PMID: 31403009; PMCID: PMC6682376.
32. Stampanoni Bassi M, Sancesario A, Morace R, Centonze D, Iezzi E. Cannabinoids in Parkinson's Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid
Res. 2017 Feb 1;2(1):21-29. doi: 10.1089/can.2017.0002. PMID: 28861502; PMCID: PMC5436333.
33. McFarthing K, Rafaloff G, Baptista MAS, Wyse RK, Stott SRW. Parkinson's Disease Drug Therapies in the Clinical Trial Pipeline: 2021 Update. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(3):891-903. doi: 10.3233/JPD-219006. PMID: 34151864; PMCID: PMC8461678.
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Aug 15, 2022
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