What Environmental Factors Increase the Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Unborn Children?
Main Article Content
Keywords
cerebral palsy, unborn children, environmental factors, fetus
Abstract
N/A
References
1. Data and statistics for Cerebral Palsy (2022) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/data.html (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
2. What is cerebral palsy? (2022) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/facts.html#:~:text=CP%20is%20the%20most%20common,control%20his%20or%20her%20muscles. (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
3. Cerebral Palsy & Mental Health (2022) Cerebral Palsy Research Network. Available at: https://cprn.org/cerebral-palsy-mental-health/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
4. Ross, E.J. et al. (2015) Developmental consequences of fetal exposure to drugs: What we know and what we still must learn, Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262892/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
5. Dathe, K. and Schaefer, C. (2019) The use of medication in pregnancy, Deutsches Arzteblatt international. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935972/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
6. Sutherland, A.E. et al. (2020) Does antenatal betamethasone alter white matter brain development in growth restricted fetal sheep?, Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7203345/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
7. Page Medically Reviewed and Edited by Pierrette Mimi Poinsett and Dr. Poinsett is a board certified pediatrician. She is a graduate of The University of Chicago (2022) Pitocin errors and cerebral palsy: Medical malpractice, Cerebral Palsy Guidance. Available at: https://www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/cerebral-palsy/causes/pitocin-errors/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
8. Marshall, N.E. et al. (2022) The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: Lifelong consequences, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182711/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
9. Groot, J. et al. (2022) Maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the MOBAND-CP cohort, The American journal of clinical nutrition. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8827124/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
10. Giromini, C. and Givens, D.I. (2022) Benefits and risks associated with meat consumption during key life processes and in relation to the risk of chronic diseases, Foods (Basel, Switzerland). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9318327/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
11. Crisham Janik, M.D. et al. (2013) Maternal diagnosis of obesity and risk of cerebral palsy in the child, The Journal of pediatrics. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812421/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
12. StoryMD (no date) What is fetal retinoid syndrome? StoryMD.com. Available at: https://storymd.com/journal/7m7aaa2fpm-pregnancy-and-medicines/page/g65990777y-what-is-fetal-retinoid-syndrome (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
13. Marret, S., Vanhulle, C., & Laquerrière, A. (2013b). Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (pp. 169–176). Elsevier BV. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52891-9.00016-6
14. Grether, J. K., Nelson, K. M., Dambrosia, J. M., & Phillips, T. M. (1999b). Interferons and cerebral palsy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 134(3), 324–332. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70458-0
15. CMV Fact Sheet for Pregnant Women and Parents |CDC. (n.d.-b). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/fact-sheets/parents-pregnant-women.html#:~:text=You%20may%20be%20able%20to%20lessen%20your%20risk%20of%20getting,or%20cups%20with%20a%20child.
16. Xu, H. E., Zhang, L., Xuan, X., Zhu, M., Tang, J., & Zhao, X. S. (2020c). Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection: a possible risk for cerebral palsy and related to its clinical features, neuroimaging findings: a retrospective study. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02449-3
17. Shi Z, Ma L, Luo K, et al. Chorioamnionitis in the Development of Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. 2017;139(6). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28814548/
18. Wu YW. Chorioamnionitis and Cerebral Palsy in Term and Near-Term Infants. JAMA. 2003;290(20):2677. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.20.2677
19. Bear JJ, Wu YW. Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child. Pediatric Neurology. 2016; 57:74-79. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26857522/
20. Cerebral Palsy from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) | Michigan Cerebral Palsy Attorneys. (2019, February 18). Available at: https://www.michigancerebralpalsyattorneys.com/causes-and-risk-factors-of-cerebral-palsy/maternal-health/cerebral-palsy-urinary-tract-infection-uti/
21. Polivka, B. J., Nickel, J. T., & Wilkins, J. W. (1997). Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: A Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy? Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 26(4), 405–413. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02722.x
22. Bear, J. J., & Wu, Y. W. (2016b). Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child. Pediatric Neurology, 57, 74–79. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.12.018
23. What are the risk factors for cerebral palsy? (No date) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available at: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/conditioninfo/risk-factors (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
24. Canada, E. and C.C. (2013) Government of Canada, Canada.ca. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/pollutants/mercury-environment/health-concerns/food-chain.html (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
25. Harding, G., Dalziel, J. and Vass, P. (2018) Bioaccumulation of methylmercury within the marine food web of the Outer Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, PloS one. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047777/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
26. Myers GJ, Davidson PW. Does methylmercury have a role in causing developmental disabilities in children? Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000;108(suppl 3):413-420. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637830/
27. Mnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011;8(6):2265-2303. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138025/
28. Liew Z, Ehrenstein von, Ling C, et al. Ambient Exposure to Agricultural Pesticides during Pregnancy and Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based Study in California. 2020;8(3):52-52. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32751992/
29. Wilson N, Horrocks J. Lessons from the removal of lead from gasoline for controlling other environmental pollutants: A case study from New Zealand. Environmental Health. 2008;7(1). Available at: https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-069X-7-1
30. Choudhari R, Sathwara NG, Shivgotra VK, et al. Study of lead exposure to children residing near a lead–zinc mine. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2010;14(2):58-62. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992867/
31. Bansal N, Aggarwal A, Faridi MMA, Sharma T, Baneerjee BD. Association of Lead Levels and Cerebral Palsy. Global Pediatric Health. 2017; 4:2333794X1769668. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5406142/
2. What is cerebral palsy? (2022) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/facts.html#:~:text=CP%20is%20the%20most%20common,control%20his%20or%20her%20muscles. (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
3. Cerebral Palsy & Mental Health (2022) Cerebral Palsy Research Network. Available at: https://cprn.org/cerebral-palsy-mental-health/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
4. Ross, E.J. et al. (2015) Developmental consequences of fetal exposure to drugs: What we know and what we still must learn, Neuropsychopharmacology: official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262892/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
5. Dathe, K. and Schaefer, C. (2019) The use of medication in pregnancy, Deutsches Arzteblatt international. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6935972/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
6. Sutherland, A.E. et al. (2020) Does antenatal betamethasone alter white matter brain development in growth restricted fetal sheep?, Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7203345/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
7. Page Medically Reviewed and Edited by Pierrette Mimi Poinsett and Dr. Poinsett is a board certified pediatrician. She is a graduate of The University of Chicago (2022) Pitocin errors and cerebral palsy: Medical malpractice, Cerebral Palsy Guidance. Available at: https://www.cerebralpalsyguidance.com/cerebral-palsy/causes/pitocin-errors/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
8. Marshall, N.E. et al. (2022) The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: Lifelong consequences, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9182711/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
9. Groot, J. et al. (2022) Maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the MOBAND-CP cohort, The American journal of clinical nutrition. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8827124/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
10. Giromini, C. and Givens, D.I. (2022) Benefits and risks associated with meat consumption during key life processes and in relation to the risk of chronic diseases, Foods (Basel, Switzerland). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9318327/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
11. Crisham Janik, M.D. et al. (2013) Maternal diagnosis of obesity and risk of cerebral palsy in the child, The Journal of pediatrics. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812421/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
12. StoryMD (no date) What is fetal retinoid syndrome? StoryMD.com. Available at: https://storymd.com/journal/7m7aaa2fpm-pregnancy-and-medicines/page/g65990777y-what-is-fetal-retinoid-syndrome (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
13. Marret, S., Vanhulle, C., & Laquerrière, A. (2013b). Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (pp. 169–176). Elsevier BV. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52891-9.00016-6
14. Grether, J. K., Nelson, K. M., Dambrosia, J. M., & Phillips, T. M. (1999b). Interferons and cerebral palsy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 134(3), 324–332. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70458-0
15. CMV Fact Sheet for Pregnant Women and Parents |CDC. (n.d.-b). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/fact-sheets/parents-pregnant-women.html#:~:text=You%20may%20be%20able%20to%20lessen%20your%20risk%20of%20getting,or%20cups%20with%20a%20child.
16. Xu, H. E., Zhang, L., Xuan, X., Zhu, M., Tang, J., & Zhao, X. S. (2020c). Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection: a possible risk for cerebral palsy and related to its clinical features, neuroimaging findings: a retrospective study. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02449-3
17. Shi Z, Ma L, Luo K, et al. Chorioamnionitis in the Development of Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. 2017;139(6). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28814548/
18. Wu YW. Chorioamnionitis and Cerebral Palsy in Term and Near-Term Infants. JAMA. 2003;290(20):2677. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.20.2677
19. Bear JJ, Wu YW. Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child. Pediatric Neurology. 2016; 57:74-79. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26857522/
20. Cerebral Palsy from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) | Michigan Cerebral Palsy Attorneys. (2019, February 18). Available at: https://www.michigancerebralpalsyattorneys.com/causes-and-risk-factors-of-cerebral-palsy/maternal-health/cerebral-palsy-urinary-tract-infection-uti/
21. Polivka, B. J., Nickel, J. T., & Wilkins, J. W. (1997). Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: A Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy? Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 26(4), 405–413. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb02722.x
22. Bear, J. J., & Wu, Y. W. (2016b). Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child. Pediatric Neurology, 57, 74–79. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.12.018
23. What are the risk factors for cerebral palsy? (No date) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available at: https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/conditioninfo/risk-factors (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
24. Canada, E. and C.C. (2013) Government of Canada, Canada.ca. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/pollutants/mercury-environment/health-concerns/food-chain.html (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
25. Harding, G., Dalziel, J. and Vass, P. (2018) Bioaccumulation of methylmercury within the marine food web of the Outer Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, PloS one. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047777/ (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
26. Myers GJ, Davidson PW. Does methylmercury have a role in causing developmental disabilities in children? Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000;108(suppl 3):413-420. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637830/
27. Mnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011;8(6):2265-2303. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138025/
28. Liew Z, Ehrenstein von, Ling C, et al. Ambient Exposure to Agricultural Pesticides during Pregnancy and Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based Study in California. 2020;8(3):52-52. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32751992/
29. Wilson N, Horrocks J. Lessons from the removal of lead from gasoline for controlling other environmental pollutants: A case study from New Zealand. Environmental Health. 2008;7(1). Available at: https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-069X-7-1
30. Choudhari R, Sathwara NG, Shivgotra VK, et al. Study of lead exposure to children residing near a lead–zinc mine. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2010;14(2):58-62. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992867/
31. Bansal N, Aggarwal A, Faridi MMA, Sharma T, Baneerjee BD. Association of Lead Levels and Cerebral Palsy. Global Pediatric Health. 2017; 4:2333794X1769668. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5406142/
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Nov 16, 2023
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