The Effects of Anorexia on Adolescents
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anorexia, Adolescents, Culture
Abstract
NA
References
1. (n.d.). Eating disorders. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/nedsp2007_eating_disorders_fact_sheet.pdf
2. Patel, R. S., Machado, T., & Tankersley, W. E. (2021). Eating Disorders and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents with Major Depression: Insights from the US Hospitals. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 11(5), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11050078
3. Moskowitz, Lindsay, and Eric Weiselberg. “Anorexia Nervosa/Atypical Anorexia Nervosa.” Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, vol. 47, no. 4, Apr. 2017, pp. 70–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.02.003.
4. Berger, Fred K. “Anorexia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.” Medlineplus.gov, 2013, medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000362.htm.
5. Medline Plus. “Eating Disorders.” Medlineplus.gov, National Library of Medicine, 2019, medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html.
6. Nall, Rachel. “Anorexia Nervosa Binge-Eating Purging DSM 5.” Symptom Media, 27 Mar. 2018, symptommedia.com/dsm-5-guided-anorexia-nervosa-binge-eating-purging-film-preview/.
7. Nall, Rachel. “Anorexia Nervosa Binge-Eating Purging DSM 5.” Symptom Media, 27 Mar. 2018, symptommedia.com/dsm-5-guided-anorexia-nervosa-binge-eating-purging-film-preview/.
8. Peterson K, Fuller R. Anorexia nervosa in adolescents: An overview. Nursing. 2019 Oct;49(10):24-30. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000580640.43071.15. PMID: 31568077.
9. n, d. “Stanford Children’s Health.” Stanfordchildrens.org, 2016, www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anorexia-nervosa-in-children-90-P02554.
10. Medline Plus. “Eating Disorders.” Medlineplus.gov, National Library of Medicine, 2019, medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html.
11. Peterson K, Fuller R. Anorexia nervosa in adolescents: An overview. Nursing. 2019 Oct;49(10):24-30. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000580640.43071.15. PMID: 31568077.
12. Marucci, Simonetta, et al. “Anorexia Nervosa and Comorbid Psychopathology.” Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 18, no. 4, 12 June 2018, pp. 316–324, www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/emiddt/2018/00000018/00000004/art00006, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180213111637.
13. Rittenhouse, Margot. “Eating Disorders in Teens.” Eating Disorder Hope, 4 Aug. 2021, www.eatingdisorderhope.com/risk-groups/eating-disorders-teens.
14. Swanson, Sonja A. “Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents.” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 68, no. 7, 1 July 2011, p. 714, https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22.
15. Newport Academy. “Teen Anorexia Statistics.” Newport Academy, 28 Feb. 2012, www.newportacademy.com/resources/treatment/teen-anorexia-statistics/.
16. Newport Academy. “Teen Anorexia Statistics.” Newport Academy, 28 Feb. 2012, www.newportacademy.com/resources/treatment/teen-anorexia-statistics/.
17. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
18. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
19. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published
February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
20. Scharner, Sophie, and Andreas Stengel. “Alterations of Brain Structure and Functions
in Anorexia Nervosa.” Clinical Nutrition Experimental, vol. 28, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.02.001.
21. Slawsky, Lynn. “Neurobiology of Eating Disorders.” National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 8 Feb. 2021, anad.org/neurobiology-of-eating-disorders/.
22. Frank, Guido K.W. “Neuroimaging and Eating Disorders.” Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol. 32, no. 6, Nov. 2019, pp. 478–483, https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000544.
23. Weir, Kirsten. “New Insights on Eating Disorders.” Https://Www.apa.org, Apr. 2016, www.apa.org/monitor/2016/04/eating-disorders.
24. Slawsky, Lynn. “Neurobiology of Eating Disorders.” National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 8 Feb. 2021, anad.org/neurobiology-of-eating-disorders/.
25. Yoshida K, McCormack S, Espana RA, Crocker A, Scammell TE. Afferents to the orexin neurons of the rat brain. J Comp Neurol. 2006;494:845–861.
26. Wise RA. Role of brain dopamine in food reward and reinforcement. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006;361:1149–1158.
27. Halford JC, Blundell JE. Separate systems for serotonin and leptin in appetite control. Ann Med. 2000b;32:222–232.
28. Avena, Nicole M., and Miriam E. Bocarsly. “Dysregulation of Brain Reward Systems in Eating Disorders: Neurochemical Information from Animal Models of Binge Eating, Bulimia Nervosa, and Anorexia Nervosa.” Neuropharmacology, vol. 63, no. 1, July 2012, pp. 87–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.010.
29. Logrieco G, Marchili MR, Roversi M, Villani A. The Paradox of Tik Tok Anti-Pro-Anorexia Videos: How Social Media Can Promote Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Anorexia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):1041. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031041
30. Archive VA, Twitter F on, feed G author R. Plus-size clothing stores called “Fat Girls” and “Moo Moo” in Thailand. Published March 24, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/24/plus-size-clothing-stores-called-fat-girls-and-moo-moo-in-thailand/
31. Archive VA, Twitter F on, feed G author R. Plus-size clothing stores called “Fat Girls” and “Moo Moo” in Thailand. Published March 24, 2023. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/24/plus-size-clothing-stores-called-fat-girls-and-moo-moo-in-thailand/
32. Chastain R. Recognizing and resisting diet culture. National Eating Disorders Association. May 2, 2019. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/recognizing-and-resisting-diet-culture.
33. Diet culture throughout history. Embody Health London. Published September 13, 2022. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://embodyhealthlondon.com/diet-culture-throughout-history/
34. Diet culture throughout history. Embody Health London. Published September 13, 2022. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://embodyhealthlondon.com/diet-culture-throughout-history/
35. Morris AM, Katzman DK. The impact of the media on eating disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2003;8(5):287-289. doi:10.1093/pch/8.5.287
36. Eating disorders. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/nedsp2007_eating_disorders_fact_sheet.pdf
37. Eating disorders. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/nedsp2007_eating_disorders_fact_sheet.pdf
38. Morris AM, Katzman DK. The impact of the media on eating disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2003;8(5):287-289. doi:10.1093/pch/8.5.287
39. Treasure, Janet, and Ulrike Schmidt. “The Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model of Anorexia Nervosa Revisited: A Summary of the Evidence for Cognitive, Socio-Emotional and Interpersonal Predisposing and Perpetuating Factors.” Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 1, no. 1, 15 Apr. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-13.
40. Eating disorder treatment: Know your options. Mayo Clinic. July 14, 2017. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
41. Voderholzer U, Haas V, Correll CU, Körner T. Medical management of eating disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020;33(6):542-553. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000653
42. Terrier LM, Lévêque M, Amelot A. Brain Lobotomy: A Historical and Moral Dilemma with No Alternative?. World Neurosurg. 2019;132:211-218. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.254
43. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Mayo Clinic. October 12, 2018. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electroconvulsive-therapy/about/pac-20393894#:~:text=Why%20it’s%20done,suicide%20or%20refusal%20to%20eat.
44. Pacilio RM, Livingston RK, Gordon MR. The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Report. J ECT. 2019;35(4):272-278. doi:10.1097/YCT.0000000000000599
45. Shafik Boyaji M, Pritesh Topiwala M. Pain and neuromodulation: What’s all the “Buzz” about? Harvard Health. March 3, 2020. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/pain-and-neuromodulation-whats-all-the-buzz-about-2020030318975.
46. Gallop L, Flynn M, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Neuromodulation and Eating Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022;24(1):61-69. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01321-8
47. Garcia N. Neuromodulation defined. International Neuromodulation Society. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.neuromodulation.com/neuromodulation-defined.
48. D. Blake Woodside M. Eating disorders & neuromodulation: Treating anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Psychiatric Times. March 3, 2023. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/eating-disorders-neuromodulation-treating-anorexia-nervosa-and-bulimia
49. Garcia N. Neuromodulation defined. International Neuromodulation Society. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.neuromodulation.com/neuromodulation-defined.
50. Mayo Clinic. “Eating Disorder Treatment: Know Your Options.” Mayo Clinic, 14 July 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
51. “Psychotherapy - Kelty Eating Disorders.” Kelty Eating Disorders, 2016, keltyeatingdisorders.ca/treatment-options/psychotherapy/.
52. Mayo Clinic. “Eating Disorder Treatment: Know Your Options.” Mayo Clinic, 14 July 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
2. Patel, R. S., Machado, T., & Tankersley, W. E. (2021). Eating Disorders and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents with Major Depression: Insights from the US Hospitals. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 11(5), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11050078
3. Moskowitz, Lindsay, and Eric Weiselberg. “Anorexia Nervosa/Atypical Anorexia Nervosa.” Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, vol. 47, no. 4, Apr. 2017, pp. 70–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.02.003.
4. Berger, Fred K. “Anorexia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.” Medlineplus.gov, 2013, medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000362.htm.
5. Medline Plus. “Eating Disorders.” Medlineplus.gov, National Library of Medicine, 2019, medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html.
6. Nall, Rachel. “Anorexia Nervosa Binge-Eating Purging DSM 5.” Symptom Media, 27 Mar. 2018, symptommedia.com/dsm-5-guided-anorexia-nervosa-binge-eating-purging-film-preview/.
7. Nall, Rachel. “Anorexia Nervosa Binge-Eating Purging DSM 5.” Symptom Media, 27 Mar. 2018, symptommedia.com/dsm-5-guided-anorexia-nervosa-binge-eating-purging-film-preview/.
8. Peterson K, Fuller R. Anorexia nervosa in adolescents: An overview. Nursing. 2019 Oct;49(10):24-30. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000580640.43071.15. PMID: 31568077.
9. n, d. “Stanford Children’s Health.” Stanfordchildrens.org, 2016, www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anorexia-nervosa-in-children-90-P02554.
10. Medline Plus. “Eating Disorders.” Medlineplus.gov, National Library of Medicine, 2019, medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html.
11. Peterson K, Fuller R. Anorexia nervosa in adolescents: An overview. Nursing. 2019 Oct;49(10):24-30. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000580640.43071.15. PMID: 31568077.
12. Marucci, Simonetta, et al. “Anorexia Nervosa and Comorbid Psychopathology.” Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 18, no. 4, 12 June 2018, pp. 316–324, www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/emiddt/2018/00000018/00000004/art00006, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180213111637.
13. Rittenhouse, Margot. “Eating Disorders in Teens.” Eating Disorder Hope, 4 Aug. 2021, www.eatingdisorderhope.com/risk-groups/eating-disorders-teens.
14. Swanson, Sonja A. “Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents.” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 68, no. 7, 1 July 2011, p. 714, https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22.
15. Newport Academy. “Teen Anorexia Statistics.” Newport Academy, 28 Feb. 2012, www.newportacademy.com/resources/treatment/teen-anorexia-statistics/.
16. Newport Academy. “Teen Anorexia Statistics.” Newport Academy, 28 Feb. 2012, www.newportacademy.com/resources/treatment/teen-anorexia-statistics/.
17. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
18. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
19. Dahleen H, Mao D The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Grey Matters. Published
February 9, 2023, https://greymattersjournal.org/anorexia/.
20. Scharner, Sophie, and Andreas Stengel. “Alterations of Brain Structure and Functions
in Anorexia Nervosa.” Clinical Nutrition Experimental, vol. 28, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.02.001.
21. Slawsky, Lynn. “Neurobiology of Eating Disorders.” National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 8 Feb. 2021, anad.org/neurobiology-of-eating-disorders/.
22. Frank, Guido K.W. “Neuroimaging and Eating Disorders.” Current Opinion in Psychiatry, vol. 32, no. 6, Nov. 2019, pp. 478–483, https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000544.
23. Weir, Kirsten. “New Insights on Eating Disorders.” Https://Www.apa.org, Apr. 2016, www.apa.org/monitor/2016/04/eating-disorders.
24. Slawsky, Lynn. “Neurobiology of Eating Disorders.” National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 8 Feb. 2021, anad.org/neurobiology-of-eating-disorders/.
25. Yoshida K, McCormack S, Espana RA, Crocker A, Scammell TE. Afferents to the orexin neurons of the rat brain. J Comp Neurol. 2006;494:845–861.
26. Wise RA. Role of brain dopamine in food reward and reinforcement. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006;361:1149–1158.
27. Halford JC, Blundell JE. Separate systems for serotonin and leptin in appetite control. Ann Med. 2000b;32:222–232.
28. Avena, Nicole M., and Miriam E. Bocarsly. “Dysregulation of Brain Reward Systems in Eating Disorders: Neurochemical Information from Animal Models of Binge Eating, Bulimia Nervosa, and Anorexia Nervosa.” Neuropharmacology, vol. 63, no. 1, July 2012, pp. 87–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.010.
29. Logrieco G, Marchili MR, Roversi M, Villani A. The Paradox of Tik Tok Anti-Pro-Anorexia Videos: How Social Media Can Promote Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Anorexia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):1041. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031041
30. Archive VA, Twitter F on, feed G author R. Plus-size clothing stores called “Fat Girls” and “Moo Moo” in Thailand. Published March 24, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/24/plus-size-clothing-stores-called-fat-girls-and-moo-moo-in-thailand/
31. Archive VA, Twitter F on, feed G author R. Plus-size clothing stores called “Fat Girls” and “Moo Moo” in Thailand. Published March 24, 2023. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/24/plus-size-clothing-stores-called-fat-girls-and-moo-moo-in-thailand/
32. Chastain R. Recognizing and resisting diet culture. National Eating Disorders Association. May 2, 2019. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/recognizing-and-resisting-diet-culture.
33. Diet culture throughout history. Embody Health London. Published September 13, 2022. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://embodyhealthlondon.com/diet-culture-throughout-history/
34. Diet culture throughout history. Embody Health London. Published September 13, 2022. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://embodyhealthlondon.com/diet-culture-throughout-history/
35. Morris AM, Katzman DK. The impact of the media on eating disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2003;8(5):287-289. doi:10.1093/pch/8.5.287
36. Eating disorders. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/nedsp2007_eating_disorders_fact_sheet.pdf
37. Eating disorders. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/nedsp2007_eating_disorders_fact_sheet.pdf
38. Morris AM, Katzman DK. The impact of the media on eating disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2003;8(5):287-289. doi:10.1093/pch/8.5.287
39. Treasure, Janet, and Ulrike Schmidt. “The Cognitive-Interpersonal Maintenance Model of Anorexia Nervosa Revisited: A Summary of the Evidence for Cognitive, Socio-Emotional and Interpersonal Predisposing and Perpetuating Factors.” Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 1, no. 1, 15 Apr. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-13.
40. Eating disorder treatment: Know your options. Mayo Clinic. July 14, 2017. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
41. Voderholzer U, Haas V, Correll CU, Körner T. Medical management of eating disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020;33(6):542-553. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000653
42. Terrier LM, Lévêque M, Amelot A. Brain Lobotomy: A Historical and Moral Dilemma with No Alternative?. World Neurosurg. 2019;132:211-218. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.254
43. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Mayo Clinic. October 12, 2018. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/electroconvulsive-therapy/about/pac-20393894#:~:text=Why%20it’s%20done,suicide%20or%20refusal%20to%20eat.
44. Pacilio RM, Livingston RK, Gordon MR. The Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Report. J ECT. 2019;35(4):272-278. doi:10.1097/YCT.0000000000000599
45. Shafik Boyaji M, Pritesh Topiwala M. Pain and neuromodulation: What’s all the “Buzz” about? Harvard Health. March 3, 2020. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/pain-and-neuromodulation-whats-all-the-buzz-about-2020030318975.
46. Gallop L, Flynn M, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Neuromodulation and Eating Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022;24(1):61-69. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01321-8
47. Garcia N. Neuromodulation defined. International Neuromodulation Society. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.neuromodulation.com/neuromodulation-defined.
48. D. Blake Woodside M. Eating disorders & neuromodulation: Treating anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Psychiatric Times. March 3, 2023. Accessed July 31, 2023. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/eating-disorders-neuromodulation-treating-anorexia-nervosa-and-bulimia
49. Garcia N. Neuromodulation defined. International Neuromodulation Society. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.neuromodulation.com/neuromodulation-defined.
50. Mayo Clinic. “Eating Disorder Treatment: Know Your Options.” Mayo Clinic, 14 July 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
51. “Psychotherapy - Kelty Eating Disorders.” Kelty Eating Disorders, 2016, keltyeatingdisorders.ca/treatment-options/psychotherapy/.
52. Mayo Clinic. “Eating Disorder Treatment: Know Your Options.” Mayo Clinic, 14 July 2017, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/in-depth/eating-disorder-treatment/art-20046234.
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