Abstract
Alcohol abuse during adolescence poses significant neurodevelopmental risks, particularly for Hispanic adolescents in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV), a population influenced by unique cultural and socioeconomic factors. This literature review synthesizes existing research on the cognitive and structural brain impacts of alcohol abuse within this demographic, highlighting neurocognitive deficits, neuroimaging findings, and the role of acculturation and socioeconomic disparities. Studies indicate that alcohol-related neurocognitive impairments primarily affect executive function, working memory, and inhibitory control due to damage in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Neuroimaging findings reveal significant reductions in gray and white matter volumes, reflecting disrupted neural plasticity during critical developmental stages. Additionally, alcohol-induced neurochemical disruptions, including alterations in neurotransmitter systems and neuroinflammatory processes, further exacerbate cognitive dysfunction. Cultural factors, such as acculturation and shifting social norms, influence drinking behaviors, while socioeconomic disparities may increase vulnerability to alcohol abuse. Despite these established risks, research specific to Hispanic adolescents in the RGV remains limited. Future studies should incorporate neuroimaging techniques, neuropsychological assessments, and culturally tailored interventions and mitigate these risks. Addressing the intersection of alcohol use, cultural identity, and socioeconomic challenges is essential for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies that promote long-term cognitive and mental health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
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